Loki 安装与部署

本章节介绍 Loki 的多种安装和部署方式。

安装方式概述

安装方式	适用场景	优点	缺点
Docker	开发测试	快速部署	生产环境不推荐
Helm	Kubernetes	云原生支持	需要 Helm
二进制	传统服务器	简单直接	需手动管理
Tanka	Kubernetes	代码化配置	学习曲线

Docker 部署

单节点部署

# 创建数据目录
mkdir -p /data/loki

# 运行 Loki
docker run -d \
  --name loki \
  -p 3100:3100 \
  --volume /data/loki:/loki \
  grafana/loki:2.9.0 \
  -config.file=/loki/local-config.yaml

Docker Compose 部署

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  loki:
    image: grafana/loki:2.9.0
    container_name: loki
    ports:
      - "3100:3100"
    volumes:
      - ./loki:/loki
      - ./config/loki-config.yaml:/etc/loki/config.yaml
    command: -config.file=/etc/loki/config.yaml
    restart: unless-stopped

  promtail:
    image: grafana/promtail:2.9.0
    container_name: promtail
    volumes:
      - ./config/promtail-config.yaml:/etc/promtail/config.yaml
      - /var/log:/var/log
    volumes_from:
      - nginx
    command: -config.file=/etc/promtail/config.yaml
    restart: unless-stopped

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin
      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=true
      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE=Admin
    volumes:
      - ./grafana:/var/lib/grafana
    depends_on:
      - loki
    restart: unless-stopped

运行

# 启动服务
docker-compose up -d

# 查看日志
docker-compose logs -f loki

# 停止服务
docker-compose down

Helm 部署 (Kubernetes)

添加 Helm 仓库

# 添加 Loki Helm 仓库
helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts

# 更新仓库
helm repo update

# 搜索 Loki
helm search repo loki

基本安装

# 创建 namespace
kubectl create namespace loki

# 安装 Loki
helm install loki grafana/loki \
  --namespace loki \
  --set persistence.enabled=true \
  --set persistence.size=50Gi

生产环境配置

# values-production.yaml
---
replicas: 3

image:
  repository: grafana/loki
  tag: 2.9.0
  pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

config:
  schema_config:
    configs:
      - from: 2023-01-01
        store: boltdb-shipper
        object_store: s3
        schema: v11
        index:
          prefix: loki_index_
          period: 24h
  storage_config:
    boltdb_shipper:
      shared_store: s3
    aws:
      bucketnames: loki-data
      region: us-east-1
      s3forcepathstyle: false
  limits_config:
    reject_old_samples: true
    reject_old_samples_max_age: 168h
    ingestion_rate_mb: 50
    ingestion_burst_size_mb: 100

persistence:
  enabled: true
  storageClassName: gp3
  size: 100Gi

resources:
  requests:
    cpu: 200m
    memory: 512Mi
  limits:
    cpu: 2000m
    memory: 4Gi

nodeSelector:
  node-type: loki

tolerations:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-type
    operator: Equal
    value: loki

affinity:
  podAntiAffinity:
    requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
      - labelSelector:
          matchLabels:
            app.kubernetes.io/name: loki
        topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

部署命令

# 使用自定义配置安装
helm install loki grafana/loki \
  --namespace loki \
  -f values-production.yaml

# 查看部署状态
kubectl get pods -n loki

# 查看日志
kubectl logs -n loki -l app.kubernetes.io/name=loki -f

安装 Promtail (DaemonSet)

# 安装 Promtail
helm install promtail grafana/promtail \
  --namespace loki \
  --set config.lokiAddress=http://loki:3100/loki/api/v1/push

二进制部署

下载二进制

# 下载 Loki
curl -O -L "https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v2.9.0/loki-linux-amd64.zip"
unzip loki-linux-amd64.zip
mv loki-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/loki

# 下载 Promtail
curl -O -L "https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v2.9.0/promtail-linux-amd64.zip"
unzip promtail-linux-amd64.zip
mv promtail-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/promtail

# 下载 LogCLI
curl -O -L "https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v2.9.0/logcli-linux-amd64.zip"
unzip logcli-linux-amd64.zip
mv logcli-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/logcli

# 设置权限
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/loki /usr/local/bin/promtail /usr/local/bin/logcli

创建系统用户

# 创建用户
useradd -r -s /bin/false loki

# 创建目录
mkdir -p /data/loki /etc/loki
chown -R loki:loki /data/loki /etc/loki

配置 Loki

# /etc/loki/config.yaml
---
schema_config:
  configs:
    - from: 2023-01-01
      store: boltdb-shipper
      object_store: filesystem
      schema: v11
      index:
        prefix: loki_index_
        period: 24h

storage_config:
  boltdb_shipper:
    shared_store: filesystem
  filesystem:
    directory: /data/loki/chunks

limits_config:
  reject_old_samples: true
  reject_old_samples_max_age: 168h
  ingestion_rate_mb: 50
  ingestion_burst_size_mb: 100

memberlist:
  join_members:
    - loki:7946

ingester:
  lifecycler:
    address: 127.0.0.1
    ring:
      kvstore:
        store: inmemory
      replication_factor: 1
  chunk_encoding: snappy

query_scheduler:
  max_outstanding_per_tenant: 4096

frontend:
  max_outstanding_per_tenant: 4096

# 日志配置
server:
  http_listen_address: 0.0.0.0
  http_listen_port: 3100
  grpc_listen_address: 0.0.0.0
  grpc_listen_port: 9095

创建 Systemd 服务

# /etc/systemd/system/loki.service
[Unit]
Description=Loki Log Aggregation System
After=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=loki
Group=loki
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/loki -config.file /etc/loki/config.yaml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
LimitNOFILE=65536

StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal
SyslogIdentifier=loki

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

# 重新加载 systemd
systemctl daemon-reload

# 启动 Loki
systemctl start loki

# 设置开机自启
systemctl enable loki

# 查看状态
systemctl status loki

# 查看日志
journalctl -u loki -f

Tanka 部署

安装 Tanka

# 下载 Tanka
curl -o /usr/local/bin/tk https://github.com/grafana/tanka/releases/download/v0.27.0/tk-linux-amd64
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/tk

# 安装 jsonnet-bundler
go install github.com/jsonnet-bundler/jsonnet-bundler/cmd/jb@latest

# 配置环境变量
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/go/bin

初始化项目

# 创建项目
mkdir loki-tanka && cd loki-tanka
tk init

# 安装 Loki jsonnet
jb install github.com/grafana/loki/production/ksonnet/loki

# 配置
tk env add environments/default --server=https://kubernetes.default.svc

部署配置

// environments/default/main.jsonnet
local loki = import 'loki/loki.libsonnet';

loki {
  _config+:: {
    namespace: 'loki',
  },

  loki+: {
    config+: {
      schema_config+: {
        configs: [{
          from: '2023-01-01',
          store: 'boltdb-shipper',
          object_store: 'filesystem',
          schema: 'v11',
          index: {
            prefix: 'loki_index_',
            period: '24h',
          },
        }],
      },
      storage_config+: {
        boltdb_shipper+: {
          shared_store: 'filesystem',
        },
        filesystem+: {
          directory: '/data/loki/chunks',
        },
      },
    },
  },
}

部署

# 应用配置
tk apply environments/default

# 查看状态
kubectl get pods -n loki

验证安装

检查服务状态

# 检查 Loki API
curl http://localhost:3100/ready

# 检查配置
curl http://localhost:3100/config

# 查看版本
curl http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/version

检查日志

# Docker
docker logs loki

# Systemd
journalctl -u loki -n 100

配置 Grafana

# 访问 Grafana
# http://localhost:3000

# 添加数据源
# 1. 进入 Configuration → Data Sources
# 2. Add data source
# 3. 选择 Loki
# 4. URL: http://loki:3100
# 5. Save & Test

下一步

现在你已经掌握了 Loki 的安装部署。接下来让我们学习配置详解。

👉 配置详解